Orthopaedics: Course Contents

History, Definition and Scope of Orthopedics.

1. Principles of recognition of injuries to the bones, joints and soft
2. Tissue of explains limbs and spine; Detect and manage related musculoskeletal infections.
3. Identify congenital malformations and deformities for referral with management;
4. Recognize metabolic bone diseases.
5. Explain pathology with diagnosis of neoplasm for appropriate.
6. Referral and treatment; Explain associated pathology of common painful disorders.

Psychomotor domain

1. Deliver first aid measures for common sprains fractures and dislocations.
2.  Identify problems of patients severely injured in any kind of accidents inclusive of road traffic, explosions, falls, fights, etc. 
3. Apply dressings, splints, plasters and other immobilization techniques. 
4. Assist in drainage, debridement, sequestration, orthopedics, surgeries related to the problems listed below and amputations.

General Orthopaedic Problems / Diseases

1. Identify, diagnose and treat common orthopaedic emergencies .
2. Define common orthopaedic problems in a scientific manner and with logical reasoning with clear understanding of their effect on
3. body systems inclusive of congenital and acquired problems (C1).
4. Request relevant investigations (C2).
5. Exhibit holistic approach to an injured patient and identify haemodynamically unstable patient.
6. Identify the conditions/diseases effecting musculoskeletal system through their signs and symptoms (C1).
7. Identify the drugs needed for a person with orthopaedic and related problems (C3);
8. Explain the differential diagnosis with logical reasoning (C3);
9. Interpret, explain and advise needs of rehabilitation for PPP, CP,Amputations.
10. Prescribe treatment for common painful conditions.
11. Understand medical ethics and its application to surgical procedures related to orthopaedics like amputations, hip replacements, etc.
12. Identify the surgical procedures needed for a person with orthopaedic and related problems (C3).
13.  Communicate effectively with the patients.106
14. Counsel and help patients and his/her family independently for making informed choices regarding relevant surgical procedures (P3).

Bone dysplasia (defect intrinsic to bone)

1. Dwarf- Achondroplasia

Drugs Frequently used in Orthopaedics

1. Antibiotics: Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Fusidic Acid, Vancomycin.
2. NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents), Diclofenac sodium Diclofenac Potassium, Naproxen, Piroxicam.
3. Analgesics; Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol, Tramadol, Sosegon.
4. Calcium, Calcitonin, Vitamin D3, HRT (Premarin), Bi-phosphonates
5. Anticoagulant: Heparin, low molecular weight heparin, Warfarin
6. Anti-tubercular drugs
7. Multivitamins (B6, B12), Morphine derivates, Muscle relaxants,Norflex, Ternelin
8. Uricosuric Agents (Zyloric)
9. Anti-depressants, Local Anaesthetic, Xylocaine, Abocaine 
10. Steroids
11. Drugs for Acid Peptic Diseases
12. Cartilage Tonics like, glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulphate and Hyaluronic Acid