Histopathology and Cytopathology-II: Course content (MLHP-523)

Nervous System

• Histology of Brain, Spinal cord
• Morphological classification of neuron
• Stain for Nervous Tissues, Nissel Stain, Stain for myelin

Respiratory Track

• Histology of Nasal Cavites
• Histology of Larynx
• Histology of Trachea
• Histology of Lungs
• Histology of Bronchi
• Histology of Bronchioloes
• Histology of Alvoli

Lymphatic system

• Histology of Tonsil
• Histology of Lymph node
• Histology of The Spleen
• Histology of Thymus
• Ziehl-Neelsen stain for tubercular lymphadenopathy

Urinary system

• Histology of Urinary bladder
• Histology of Urethra
• Histology of Urinary Bladder

Female Reproductive System

• Histology of Ovaries
• Uterine tubes
• Uterus
• Vagina
• External genitalia

Male Reproductive System

• Testes
• Seminal vesicle
• Prostate
• Penis

Immunohistochemistry

• Introduction and Significance
• Direct and indirect method
• PAP/Avidin BIOTIN Method
• Step involve in IHC
• Antigen Retrieval
• Type of fixative. Buffer, enzyme and chromgen used in IHC
• List of Commonly used Tumors marker in different disease and their clinical utility

Decalcification

• Decalcification mechanism
• Decalcifying agent, Type, Advantages and Disadvantages

Cytogenetic

• Structure and molecular organization of chromosomes, identification of human chromosomes, karyotyping, direct chromosome preparation of Bone Marrow cells, culture techniques, banding techniques, sex Chromatin bodies, autoradiography of human chromosomes, chromosome Identification by image analysis and Quantitative cytochemistry, clinical Manifestations of chromosome disorders

Principal of Cell and Tissue Culture 

• Animal Cell Culture
• Overview of background, advantages, Limitation, terms and definition
• Biology of Culture Cell
• Culture environment, Cell adhesion, Cell proliferation, differentiation and evolution of cell line
• Design, Layout and Equipment in Animal Cell Culture
• Aseptic Technique and Safety
• Media and Serum-free Media
• Physicochemical properties, complete media, serum, selection, advantages and disadvantages of serum free media, replacement of serum, media development.
• Primary Culture and Cell Lines
• Type of primary culture cell. Isolation of tissues. Primary culture.
• Cloning Selection and Molecular Techniques
• An overview of suspension cloning, isolation of clones, in situ molecular hybridization, production of monoclonal antibodies. Somatic cell fusion and DNA transfer.

Practicals

• Stains for Nervous Tissue
• Nissle Stain, Stain for myelin
• Demonstration of Lipids
• Choice of fixative
• Choice of sectioning Technique
• Sudan Black B stain
• Demonstration of Amyloid material, Calcium, Iron, Melanin, Muscle Tissue, Mucinous Material, Special Gross Anatomical Technique

Special Staining Technique

• GMS, Mucicarmine and Alcian Blue,

Staining for Connective Tissue Elements

• Mallory connective Tissue stain
• Aldehyde fuchsine and verhoff stain for elastic fiber
• Gordon + Sweet stain for reticular fiber
• Toluidine blue staining for mast cells
• Masson Trichrome stain
• The PAS Technique, Procedure of the PAS staining
• The Schiff reaction, Principle of the Schiff reaction

Staining for frozen section

• Preparation and fixation of vaginal and cervical smears for cytology.
• Hormonal evaluation of vaginal smears.
• Papanicolaou staining-principles and staining procedures.
• Maygrunwarld staining-principles and staining procedures.
• Identification of cells.
• Differentiation between malignant and benign cells.
• Fine needle aspiration technique
• Immuno-histochemistry techniques
• FNAC technique