This course is aimed at understanding the microarchitecture of the tissues building up the animal body. It begins with detailed description of the organelles in an animal cell with a particular focus that how these organelles are contributing to the appearance of the tissues in H&E stained tissue sections. Moving further the learners are told about the detailed microarchitecture of four basic tissues of animal body including epithelium, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. The course will enable students to understand the microarchitecture of the systems and their physiology and will also provide a basis for understanding the pathology in the forthcoming semesters.
Theory:
Ultrastructure of cell, epithelial tissue: morphology and classification of types of surface epithelia and glandular epithelia, connective and supportive tissue: cells and fibers of connective tissue, microscopic study of different types of supportive connective tissue, light microscopic study of avian and mammalian blood, muscular tissue: light and fine microscopic structure of skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle fibers, nervous tissue: light and fine microscopic structure of nervous tissue cells, neuron, ganglion and nerve.
Practical:
Microscopy: different parts of microscope and practical use of microscope, slide preparation: practical demonstration of tissue processing techniques and staining procedures. Identification of different cell organelles in electron micrographs, epithelium: identification of different types of surface and glandular epithelium, connective tissue: identification of different types of cells, fibers of connective tissue and different types of proper and supportive connective tissue, blood: identification of different types of blood cells, muscular tissue: identification of different tissue sections of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle fibers under light microscope, nervous system: identification of neuron, neuroglia, central and peripheral nervous system: brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
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No |
Theory Lecture Split |
Practical Session Split |
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1 |
Introduction to histology, its different branches and its applications. Cytology; Ultrastructure of cell; a general overview of Cell membrane, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nucleoli |
Microscope |
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2 |
Cytology; Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosomes, Golgi complex, Lysosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes. |
Tissue Processing Techniques; (Fixation till sectioning) |
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3 |
Cytology; Cytoskeleton microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, inclusion bodies, cell division. |
Tissue Processing Techniques; H&E Staining and interpretation of H&E stained tissue sections |
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4 |
Epithelial tissue; histological features and classification of simple epithelia (squamous, cuboidal, columnar), Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, transitional epithelium. |
Surface Epithelium (Simple epithelia)
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5 |
Epithelial tissue; histological features and classification of stratified epithelia (stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar epithelium) |
Surface Epithelium (Stratified epithelia)
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6 |
Epithelial tissue; morphology and classification of glands (classification based on morphology, secretions and mode of secretion) |
Glandular Epithelium |
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7 |
Cell Junctions (Definition, Classification (Desmosomes, Gap junction and tight junction) |
Evaluation |
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8 |
Connective tissue; CT cells, fibres, ground substance, Classification; Loose CT, Dense CT, Adipose tissue, Reticular, Embryonal |
Proper Connective Tissue (Loose, Dense Connective Tissue) |
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9 |
Connective tissue; Blood; formed elements (Platelets, RBCs, and Leukocytes) |
Specialized Connective Tissue (Cartilage) |
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10 |
Connective tissue; (Cartilage) Histology, classification and chondrogenesis |
Specialized Connective Tissue (Bone) |
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11 |
Connective tissue; (Bone) Histology, classification, Osteogenesis |
Specialized Connective Tissue (Ossification) |
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12 |
Muscular Tissue; Light and electron microscopic features of skeletal smooth and cardiac muscles, mechanism of contraction in muscles, red, and white muscle fibers |
Specialized Connective Tissue (Blood) |
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13 |
Muscular Tissue; Light and electron microscopic features of smooth and cardiac muscles |
Muscular tissue |
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14 |
Nervous tissue, light and electron microscopic features of neuron and its classification. Microscopic feature of neurons, nerve fibers, ganglia, synapse and neuroglial cells. |
Nervous tissue |
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15 |
Nervous system, central nervous system (light microscopic features of brain and spinal cord) peripheral nervous system (longitudinal and transverse section of peripheral nerve) |
Nervous tissue |
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16 |
Four Basic Types of Body Tissues (Quiz + Revision) |
Evaluation |
Goal 1: To understand the basics of cytology
Objective 1: Student will be able to describe the organelles/ultrastructure of an animal cell in detail.
Objective 2: Student will be able to describe that how does the inner architecture of a particular cell type contribute to the appearance of tissue sections under microscope.
Goal 2: To understand the microarchitecture of basic tissue in an animal body.
Objective 1: Identify the histological features of four basic tissues of animal body.
Objective 2: Describe the histological features of four basic tissues of animal body.
Objective 3: Development of comparison amongst the four basic tissues of body on the basis of their histological features.
Assessment Strategies:
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Theory |
Practical |
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Assignment
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Mid Term |
Final Term |
Total |
Daily Evaluations |
Final Term |
Total |
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Max marks |
2 |
6 |
12 |
20 |
10 |
10 |
20 |