The course is describing the physiological anatomy and physiological mechanisms of homeostasis, feedback control, cardiovascular and circulatory system as well as respiratory system in domestic animals along with clinical correlations of selected problems in domestic animals.
The course is describing the physiological anatomy and physiological mechanisms of homeostasis, feedback control, cardiovascular and circulatory system as well as respiratory system in domestic animals along with clinical correlations of selected problems in domestic animals.
Goal: To familiarize the students with the functioning of homeostatic and feedback mechanisms with special reference to cardiovascular, circulatory and respiratory systems
Objective 1: To describe the components of cardiovascular system and its functioning
Objective 2: To describe the components of blood and its functioning
Objective 3: To describe the components of nervous system and its functioning
Objective 4: To describe the components of respiratory system and its functioning
Objective 5: To describe the pathophysiology of common disorders of domestic animals
Goal: To familiarize the students with the functioning of homeostatic and feedback mechanisms with special reference to cardiovascular, circulatory and respiratory systems
Objective 1: To describe the components of cardiovascular system and its functioning
Objective 2: To describe the components of blood and its functioning
Objective 3: To describe the components of nervous system and its functioning
Objective 4: To describe the components of respiratory system and its functioning
Objective 5: To describe the pathophysiology of common disorders of domestic animals
|
Theory: |
Practical |
|
Lectures |
Performance |
|
Presentations |
Group Discussions |
|
Assignments |
Assignments |
|
Quiz |
|
|
No |
Theory Lecture Split |
Practical Session Split |
|
1 |
Blood composition, blood cells genesis and differentiation, Structure and synthesis of hemoglobin, its types and iron metabolism |
Physiology laboratory basics |
|
2 |
Functions of Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocyte-Macrophage system and their role against infection, Reticulo-endothelial system |
Methods of handling and restraining of different animals for blood collection, body temperature, pulse. Sites of Blood collection in different animal species, precautions while blood collection |
|
3 |
Resistance of body to infection, Lymphocytes and immunity (Humoral and Cell-mediated immunity) |
Different type of anticoagulants used routinely and their mechanism of actions. Determination of Total Red Blood Cell count (animal or human source). |
|
4 |
Blood groups, Blood transfusion and its complications, Mechanism of blood coagulation |
Determination of Total White Blood Cell count (animal source). |
|
5 |
Fibrinolytic system, Clinical correlations (Anemia, polycythemia, allergy and hypersensitivity, jaundice, hemophilia) |
Determination of Packed Cell Volume |
|
6 |
Circulation and its characteristics, Biophysics of hemodynamics |
Haemoglobin concentration |
|
7 |
Circulation: General; systemic and regional circulation; Coronary, skeletal muscle, splenic, Fetal and Pulmonary Circulation |
Coagulation and bleeding time
|
|
8 |
Microcirculation and fluid exchange |
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate |
|
9 |
Blood Pressure, neural and hormonal control of blood pressure and blood volume, Local control of blood pressure and flow |
Differential Leukocyte Count |
|
10 |
Physiology of Lymphatic system channel of body, formation of lymph; Role of lymphatic system in controlling interstitial fluid protein, volume and pressure |
Blood Groups |
|
11 |
Cardiac cell properties and energy requirements |
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate |
|
12 |
Physiological basis of cardiac cycle; Relationship of heart sounds to heart pumping, Regulation of cardiac activity |
Interpretation of CBC clinical cases |
|
13 |
Rhythmical excitation of heart |
Determination of lung capacities and volumes |
|
14 |
Electrophysiology of heart; Characteristics of normal electrocardiogram |
Ocular Reflexes |
|
15 |
Clinical correlations (edema formation, circulatory shock, electrocardiographic interpretation of cardiac muscle) |
Identification of reflexes in frog |
|
16 |
Midterm |
Pithing and stunning of frog ; Nerve muscle preparation |
|
17 |
Cell and cell membrane transport system |
|
|
18 |
Neuron, Action potential, Synapse and synaptic transmission, Neurotransmitters |
|
|
19 |
Neurophysiology of skeletal and smooth muscles |
|
|
20 |
Excitation-contraction coupling mechanism |
|
|
21 |
Nervous system: Central and peripheral nervous systems, Upper and lower motor neurons |
|
|
22 |
Physiology of Reflex Arc |
|
|
23 |
Autonomic nervous system; Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions, Types of receptors and their properties |
|
|
24 |
Anatomical divisions of brain and functions of each part |
|
|
25 |
Functional anatomy of respiratory system |
|
|
26 |
Mechanism of Pulmonary ventilation, Pulmonary volume and capacities |
|
|
27 |
Physical principles of gas exchange Respiratory membrane and diffusion of different gases through it, Fetal gas exchange |
|
|
28 |
Factors affecting rate of gas diffusion, Role of surfactants, Pleural cavity |
|
|
29 |
Regulation of transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in blood, lungs and tissues |
|
|
30 |
Neural control of respiration |
|
|
31 |
Hormonal control of respiration |
|
|
32 |
Clinical correlations (pulmonary edema, emphysema and hypertension, CO poisoning, hypoxia) |
|
|
|
Theory |
Practical |
|||||
|
|
Assignment |
Mid Term |
Final Term |
Total |
Daily Evaluations |
Final Term |
Total |
|
Max marks |
04 |
12 |
24 |
40 |
10 (Class performance + evaluation + viva) |
10 |
20 |
Theory:
Homeostasis and Feedback control: Cell and cell membrane transport system, Neuron, Action potential, Synapse and synaptic transmission, Neurotransmitters, Neurophysiology of skeletal and smooth muscles, Excitation-contraction coupling mechanism, Nervous system: Central and peripheral nervous systems, Upper and lower motor neurons, Physiology of Reflex Arc, Autonomic nervous system; Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions, Types of receptors and their properties, Anatomical divisions of brain and functions of each part.
Cardiovascular System: Blood composition, blood cells genesis and differentiation, Structure and synthesis of hemoglobin, its types and iron metabolism, Functions of Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocyte- Macrophage system and their role against infection, Reticulo-endothelial system, Resistance of body to infection, Lymphocytes and immunity (Humoral and Cell-mediated immunity), Blood groups, Blood transfusion and its complications, Mechanism of blood coagulation, Fibrinolytic system, Clinical correlations (Anemia, polycythemia, allergy and hypersensitivity, jaundice, hemophilia).
Circulatory Physiology: Circulation and its characteristics, Biophysics of hemodynamics, Circulation: General; systemic and regional circulation; Coronary, skeletal muscle, splenic, Fetal and Pulmonary Circulation, Microcirculation and fluid exchange. Blood Pressure, neural and hormonal control of blood pressure and blood volume, Local control of blood pressure and flow. Physiology of Lymphatic system channel of body, formation of lymph; Role of lymphatic system in controlling interstitial fluid protein, volume and pressure. Cardiac cell properties and energy requirements, physiological basis of cardiac cycle; Relationship of heart sounds to heart pumping, Regulation of cardiac activity. Rhythmical excitation of heart; electrophysiology of heart; Characteristics of normal electrocardiogram. Clinical correlations (edema formation, circulatory shock, electrocardiographic interpretation of cardiac muscle and coronary blood flow abnormalities).
Respiratory system: Functional anatomy of respiratory system, Mechanism of pulmonary ventilation, Pulmonary volume and capacities, Physical principles of gas exchange, Respiratory membrane and diffusion of different gases through it, Fetal gas exchange, Factors affecting rate of gas diffusion, Role of surfactants, Pleural cavity, Regulation of transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in blood, lungs and tissues, Neural and hormonal control of respiration. Clinical correlations (pulmonary edema, emphysema and hypertension, CO poisoning, hypoxia).
Practical:
Methods of handling and restraining of different animals for blood collection, body temperature, pulse. Sites of Blood collection in different animal species, precautions while blood collection. Blood Collection. Different type of anticoagulants used routinely and their mechanisms of action. Practical demonstration of measurement of body temperature, pulse, respiration rate in different domestic animals. Determination of Total Red Blood Cell count (animal or human source). Determination of Total White Blood Cell count (animal source). Determination of Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin concentration, Coagulation and bleeding time, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Differential Leukocyte Count, Blood Groups. Determination of lung capacities and volumes. Identification of reflexes in frog, Pithing and stunning of frog, Nerve muscle preparation.