CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
Indication for cardiac catheterization
Contraindication
Complication and risk
Preparation of the patient
Equipment in the catheterization laboratory
Environment safety in the catheterization laboratory
Arterial and venous access
Percutaneous femoral approach
Arm approach
Use of heparin during cardiac catheterization
Problems of vascular access
HEMODYNAMIC DATA
Pressure waves in the heart
Right and left sided heart catheterization Computation for hemodynamic measurements
Computation for valve areas from pressure gradients and cardiac output
Examples of aortic and mitral valve area calculations
Use of valve resistance for aortic stenosis
Measurement of cardiac output
Fick oxygen consumption method
Equipment used for hemodynamic study
Hemodynamic recording technique
Components of the electrocardiogram
ANGIOGRAPHIC DATA
Coronary arteriography
Problems and solution in the interpretation of angiograms
Ventriculography
Ascending aortography
Abdominal aortography
Pulmonary angiography
Peripheral vascular angiography
X-ray image
Digital angiography
Radiation safety
Injectors and contrast materials
Angiographic catheters
Medications used in coronary angiography
Pacemakers
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES AND ABLATION TECHNIQUES
Technical aspect
Procedures
Utility of electrophysiological study for specific diagnosis
Catheter ablation
SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES
Trans-septal heart cauterization
Direct transthoracic left ventricular puncture
Endomyocardial biopsy
Coronary sinus catheterization
Pericardiocentesis
Intravascular foreign body retrieval
HIGH RISK CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
High risk patient
Incidence of complications in the high risk patient
Management of Arrhythmias in high risk patients
Cardiac support devices
INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
Percutaneous coronary interventions
valvuloplasty
CLINICAL:
History taking Patient preparation
Hands on training on a angiographic unit
Basic interpretation of angiogram
