Botany: Morphology and anatomy of leaf, stem and roots in monocots and dicots; Flowers and inflorescence, their parts and types; Plant systematic, different system of classification and rules of nomenclature; Branches of ecology, their aims and application; Plant communities; Vegetation sampling methods.
• Ecosystem, its types and components; Food chain and food web; Pollution its types and impact on plants; Metabolic pathways, Light and dark reactions of photosynthesis; Importance of photosynthesis to plant productivity; Respiration, respiratory substrates; Plant water relation, absorption and translocation of water and minerals; Functional role of minerals elements in plants; Growth, role of hormones in plants growth and development; Ethno botany and economic importance of plants.
• Zoology: Diversity of life; World resources, Classification of animals, Scope of Zoology; Community structure and diversity; Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem; Ecological problems; Human population growth; Pollution; resource depletion; Approaches to animal behavior; Proximate and ultimate causes;
• Anthropomorphism; Development of behavior; Learning and control of behavior; Communication; Social behavior; Evolutionary mechanism; Population size, Genetic drift, Gene flow, Mutations, and balanced polymorphism; Species and speciation; Molecular evolution; Mosaic evolution; Protection, Support and Movement in animals; Modes of communication; Endocrine systems and chemical messengers; Circulation, Immunity and gas exchange, Nutrition and Digestion; Temperature and body fluid regulations, Reproduction and development in animals.
Provides an introduction into the study of general biology, starting from basic scientific concepts and processing to chemistry, physics and the natural laws that govern life and all living things. The course continues with studies of living creatures, from the tiny and simple through to the complexities of plants and animals, ending with a basic understanding of ecology and the study of population dynamism
Learning Outcomes:
