Learning Outcomes: •
Describe basic principles of physics used in electromedical equipment
• Define laws of physics various aspect of physical phenomena and their interaction with human body
• Describe basic concepts of electricity, its laws, magnetism, electro mechanics and related theories
• Explain fundamentals of low, medium and high frequency currents, heat, electromagnetic radiations and sound waves.
• Demonstrate safety skills in biomedical instruments and radiation protection
COURSE CONTENTs:
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
• Structure of an atom
• Electron Theory, Conductors & Insulators
• Conduction& Convection STATIC ELECTRICITY
• Charging by conduction and Induction
• Electrostatic Fields
• Capacitors, types of capacitors
• Arrangement of Capacitors in series and parallel
• Charging and discharging of capacitors
• Oscillating Discharge of Capacitors
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
• Ohm‘s Law
• Electrical Components and their units
• Resistance and types
• Chemical effects of a Current
• Types of Current
• Cell and Batteries
• Simple Voltage Cell
• Combination of Cells in series and parallel
• Thermal effects of current
• Electrolysis and Electrolytic burns
• Ionization of gases and Thermionic emission
• Electronic tubes
• Diodes and Triodes
ELECTROMAGNETISM
• Magnetic effect of an electric current
• Moving coil volt meter and Ammeter
• Measurement of high frequency and alternate current withmeters
• Electromagnetic induction
• Faradays law
• Mutual and self-Induction
• Eddy currents
• Transformers
• Construction and types
• Static and auto Transformer
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
• Electromagnetic spectrum
• Relationship between frequency and wave length
• Laws of reflection, refraction and absorptions
• Total internal reflection
• Cosine law and inverse square law
• Concave and convex mirrors
• Lenses and prisms
• Reflectors
• Radio wave (long, medium, short, micro waves)
• Infra-red rays
• Visible rays
• Ultra violet rays
• X-rays
• Nuclear waves (alpha beta and gamma)
SAFETY IN BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
• Electrical outlets, hot, neutral and ground connections
• Pervasiveness of electricity and of electric shocks
• Causes of electric shocks and precaution
• Effect of electric current on human body
• Techniques to reduce the effect of electric shock
• Earth shocks and precaution against earth shocks
ELECTRO MECHANICS
• Current for treatment
• Rectification
• Rectification of A.C
• Half wave and full wave Rectification
• Valve rectification circuits and metal rectifier
• Surging of current
• Vibrations and Multivibrators circuit
CLASSIFICATION OF CURRENTS (OVERVIEW) LOW FREQUENCY CURRENT
• Sinusoidal current
• Faradic current
• Galvanic current (constant and interrupted)
• Diadynamic current
TENS
• Super imposed current and their graphical representation.
MEDIUM FREQUENCY CURRENT
• Interferential current
• Russian current.
HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENT
• Valves • Transistors
• Long waves, medium waves short waves micro waves
SOUND WAVES
• Wave motion in sound
• Infrasonic
• Normal hearing band
• Characteristics of the sound waves and their velocities
• Ultrasonic
• Reflection and refraction of sound waves
• Characteristics of tone resonance and beats
• Interference of sound waves
HEAT
• Scales of temperature and its conversion to other scales
• Nature of heat energy
• Specific heat and three modes of heat energy transfer effect of impurities on melting and boiling points
RADIATION PROTECTION
• Ionizing and non-ionizing radiations
• Quantities and associated units of radiations
• Effect of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
• Internal and external hazards
• Main principle to control external hazard
• Distance and shielding
LAB WORK
• Specify resistance by using the potential divider
• Verify the joules law of electrical methods
• Calibrate a thermo couple and an unknown temperature
• Find the acceleration due to gravity by simple pendulum
• Verify the law of reflection of light
• Verify the law of refraction of light
• Verify the refraction index of glass using rectangular slab
