COURSE CONTENTS
1. Introduction to Pakistan:
o Geographical location and significance.
o Historical background: Ancient civilizations in the region.
o Factors leading to the creation of Pakistan.
2. Political History of Pakistan:
o Formative phase.
o Military interventions and democratic transitions.
3. Geography of Pakistan:
o Physiography: Mountains, plains, plateaus, deserts, valleys, and coastal areas.
o River systems: Indus River and its tributaries.
o Climatic regions of Pakistan.
4. Society and Culture of Pakistan:
o Socio-cultural diversity.
o Languages and literature of Pakistan.
5. Economic Development of Pakistan:
o Agriculture and industrial sectors of Pakistan.
o Economic challenges of Pakistan.
6. Contemporary Issues:
Foreign relations of Pakistan.67
Security challenges: terrorism, extremism, and regional conflicts.
Environmental problems and sustainable development (SDGs).
Media and social change.
