Periodontology: Course Outline

Introduction to Periodontology

1. Knowledge of healthy periodontium macro and micro anatomy and physiology of periodontium​             

• Gingiva
• Periodontal Ligament      
• Blood supply                                
• Root cementum    
• Nerve supply                                            
• Alveolar bone
• Lymphatic system
• Dentogingival junction

2. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases

• Plaque index
• Debris index
• PMA index
• Gingival index
• Sulcus bleeding index
• Periodontal index
• Periodontal destructive index
• Community Periodontal index of treatment need (CPITN)

3. Etiology of periodontal diseases

1. Dental plaque

• Definition       
• Classification
• Composition   
• Supragingival
• Maturation     
• Subgingival
• Structure
• Plaque microbiology

2. Dental Calculus

• Origin and composition
• Mode of attachment
• Mineralization
• Clinical significance of calculus

4. Microbiology of Plaque associated periodontal diseases.
5. Histopathogensis of Plaque associated periodontal diseases.
6. Host response in Periodontal Disease hypersensitivity reaction cell mediated and humoral immunity.
7. Classification of periodontal diseases clinical significance of dental plaque in the formation of gingivitis

1. Acute Gingivitis

             Signs and symptoms of acute gingivitis and different types of gingivitis

• Traumatic gingivitis
• Acute Necrotizing gingivitis
• Acute Herpetic - gingivo stomatits
• Circum coronitis
• Streptococcal gingivitis

2. Chronic Gingivitis

             Specific and Non-specific gingivitis

• T.B.
• Syphilitic gingivitis
• Plasma cell
• Allergic

             Emphasis should be given towards

• Gingival bleeding
• Gingival texture
• Gingival consistency
• Gingival swelling (Hyperplasia)
• Gingival recession
• Gingival pigmentation

8. Desquamative gingivitis

• Definition, clinical features in the form of
• Mild, moderate and severe form of desquamative gingivitis
• Nutritional factors
• Hormonal factors
• Dermatological condition
• Chemotherapeutic agents
• Fungal infection

9. Periodontal pocket

• Definition
• Soft tissue wall of periodontal pocket
• Hard tissue wall of periodontal pocket
• Pocket content

             Classification of periodontal pocket

• Suprabony pocket
• Infrabony pocket
• Bone loss and pattern of bone loss in periodontal disease

10. Periodontitis

• Adult onset periodontitis (Slowly Progressional Periodonitits)
• Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis
• Early onset periodontitis
• Prepubertal periodontitis
• Juvenile periodontitis
• Adult onset rapidly progressional Periodontitis
• Necrotizing periodontitis
• AIDs related
• Non AIDs related
• Refractory periodontitis
• Trauma from occlusion
• Definition
• Acute & chronic trauma
• Primary & secondary trauma
• Consequences of trauma
• Tissue response of trauma

11.  Tumour and Tumour like lesions of the Periodontium.
12. Periodontal Abscess and treatment
13. Periodontium and AIDs
14. Furcation involvement in periodontal disease

• Classification
• Management

15. Periodontal consideration with

• Orthodontics
• Endodontics
• Removable prosthodontics
• Fixed prosthodontics
• Implants

16.  GTR (Guided Tissue Regeneration)

Introduction, knowledge and the techniques

17. Diagnosis of cause related disease

• History taking
• Examination of the oral cavity
• Importance should be given to the periodontitis.
• Differential Diagnosis
• Plaque recognition
• Treatment planning
• Chemical control of dental plaque

18. Periodontal dressing
19. Periodontal suturing
20. Periodontal treatment of medically compromised patients
21. Occlusal analysis

• Diagnosis of occlusal trauma
• Occlusal adjustment
• Splinting

Clinical & Practical Work

1. Knowledge of the objectives of Periodontal therapy

• Elimination of local etiological factor
• Elimination of periodontal pocket
• Establishment of normal Physiolocal architecture of periodontium
• To be able to interpret
• Findings of medical and dental history and relate this to periodontal
• dignosis and treatment

2. To be able to secure a good dental history pertaining to:

• Past Periodontal treatment
• Present oral hygiene habits
• Past present oral habits
• Presence of Hypensensitive teeth
• Past extraction (Reason)
• Past Restorative treatment, filling types, fixed/removal restoration
• Past orthodontic treatment
• Family Dental history

3. Detailed clinical examination and charting of the periodontium i.e. accurate probling

• To be able to recognize problems of an inadequate width and attached gingival

4. Shallow vestibule

• Scaling manual
• Root Planning
• Polishing
• Curettage
• Gingivectomy
• Epulus Removal (with incisional and excisional procedure)
• Flap Surgery.