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Algebraic topology is the interplay between “continuous” and “discrete” mathematics. Continuous mathematics is formulated in its general form in the language of topological spaces and continuous maps. Discrete mathematics is used to express the concepts of algebra and combinatorics. In mathematical language: we use the real numbers to conceptualize continuous forms and we model these forms with the use of the integers. For example, our intuitive idea of time supposes a continuous process without gaps, an unceasing succession of moments. But in practice we use discrete models, machines or natural processes which we define to be periodic. Likewise we conceive of a space as a continuum but we model that space as a set of discrete forms. Thus the essence of time and space is of a topological nature but algebraic topology allows their realizations to be of an algebraic nature.
