Pathology (MBBS): Course outline

CELL INJURY:
1. Definition of necrosis, ischemia, hypoxia, infarction and gangrene.
2. Sequence of the structural and biochemical changes which occur in the cell in response to the following:
• Ischemia
• Immunological injury – e.g. Asthma/SLE/Anaphylactic reaction
• Physical agents: e.g. Radiation
• Genetic defects — e.g. Thalassaemia/haemophilia
• Nutritional deficiency — e.g. Kwashiorkor
• Infectious agents
• Viruses: e.g. Hepatitis
• Bacteria: e.g. Staphylococcus aureus
• Fungi: e.g. Candida
• Parasites: e.g. Malaria
3. Irreversible and reversible injury.
4. Apoptosis and its significance.
5. The necrosis and its types.
6. Exogenous and endogenous pigment deposition.
7. Dystrophic and metastatic calcification along with clinical significance.

8. Metabolic disorders
• lipid disorders, steatosis of liver, hyperlipidemia
• protein disorders
• carbohydrate disorders
9. Adaptation to cell injury, atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia.

B. INFLAMMATION, MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION

The role of inflammation in the defence mechanisms of the body.

The vascular changes of acute inflammation and their relation to the

morphological and tissue effects.

The process of chemotaxis, opsonization and phagocytosis.

The role of cellular components in inflammatory exudate.

Exudate and trasudate.

Important chemical mediators of inflammation.

The pathway of Arachidonic Acid metabolism.

The role of products of Archidonic acid metabolism in inflammation