Paediatric Health Nursing (Nursing): Course Outline

At the end of the course, learners will be able to:

1. Develop awareness on common health issues of the children in Pakistan
2. Discuss principles of growth and development and its deviation in all aspects of nursing care.
3. Discuss the impact of hospitalization on the child and family.
4. Discuss the role of a family in the care of sick children in Pakistani Context.
5. Integrate pharmacological knowledge into care of sick children.
6. Integrate research based information in the care of child and family.

Teaching/Learning strategies:

Lecture, discussion, demonstration, guest lecture, field trip, role play, sharing of clinical experience, group presentation, literature review, group work, case study, self-learning modules ,toy making workshop and tutorials.

Course Expectations:

1. Attend all classes and clinical.
2. Do pre and post reading and participate in all classes and clinical conferences.
3. Achieve a satisfactory level in clinical performance and a passing grade for the course.
4. Submit   assignments   and   take   unit   tests   and   examinations   as scheduled.

Clinical Objectives

1. Apply principles of growth and development in all aspects of nursing care.
2. Identify the impact of hospitalization on the child and family and utilize the strategies to decrease the stress of hospitalization.
3. Utilize Gordon’s Functional Health Pattern effectively when providing care to a child and family with acute or chronic illness.
4. Utilize communication skills that facilitate therapeutic relationship with children, their families and health care team members.
5. Integrate therapeutic play to minimize stress of a child during hospitalization.
6. Identify needs and give health education to child / family at their level of understanding to promote health and prevent disease.

Paediatric Skills

Following Skills Are Emphasized For Paediatric Clinical:

1. Physical assessment
   • Newborn assessment (A Review)
   • Child head to toe assessment
2. Naso gastric and Oro gastric tube interventions
   • N/G or O/G tube insertion
   • N/G or O/G tube feeding and removal
3. Tub bath to an infant
4. Oro/naso- pharyngeal suctioning
5. Tracheostomy suctioning
6. Care of an infant in incubator
7. Care of an infant / neonate receiving oxygen therapy
8. Care of an infant under phototherapy
9. Oral/SC/    Rectal    Intravenous    Medication    administration    in children

Other skills and procedures:

• Specimen Collection
• Urine specimen collection
• Lumber Puncture
• Peritoneal dialysis
• GCS monitoring for newborn, infant and children
• Positioning and Restraining Pediatric Clients

Objectives:

Child Health Nursing

Clinical Graded Assignment Guidelines

The assignment will assist nursing learners:

• To identify and utilize the normal growth and development (G/D) pattern in children
• To identify the deviations and integrate the concept of G/D of a child during hospitalization
• Get hands on experience of different learning process while taking of a child in the hospital.

2. Tropical and Communicable Diseases 

Course Description:

This course assists students in developing knowledge, skills and attitude to provide care to clients with various Tropical and Communicable Diseases. The emphasis will be on prevention, management and treatment of Tropical and Communicable Diseases prevalent in Pakistan. Students will utilize the Functional Health Patterns and nursing process to provide care in the community and hospital setting. Concepts of Tropical and Communicable Diseases will be taught on the basis of three approaches

i.e. epidemiological triad, chain of infection and web of causation.

Course Objectives:

On the completion of the course, students will be able to:

1. Discuss epidemiological data of tropical and communicable diseases prevalent in Pakistan incorporating relevant research finding.
2. Discuss the diagnostic procedures, pathophysiology and treatment of patients with Tropical and Communicable Diseases
3. Discuss Epidemiological triad, chain of infection and web of causation in relation to tropical and Communicable Disease
4. Utilize Functional Health Patterns and nursing process in delivering the care for patients in hospital/community setting with Tropical and Communicable Diseases prevalent in Pakistan.
5. Demonstrate awareness of legal rights and ethical issues while caring for patients with Tropical and Communicable Diseases.
6. Identify and apply the preventive measures including isolation techniques while caring for the patients in hospital/community setting.

Teaching Learning Strategies:

Lecture/discussion/audio-visual aids, group presentations/small group discussion/role play, case studies, making low cost teaching aids and interview based report writing and field visit.

Course Expectations:

1. Active participation in class.
2. Pre & post reading in each class.
3. Completion of assignments/examination on the due dates.

 Disorders spread by droplet infections

In this session, diseases spread by droplet spray will be briefly discussed with regard to clinical features and diagnostic investigation. Emphasis will be placed on factors responsible for droplet infection in developing countries specifically in Pakistan. Importance of preventive and control measures including immunization and utilization of different isolation techniques will also be discussed.

Tuberculosis

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Define Tuberculosis
2. Discuss the factors/causes for Tuberculosis
3. Share clinical manifestations of Tuberculosis
4. Discuss management of Tuberculosis
5. Explain the role of nurse in prevention and control of Tuberculosis in hospital and Community setting

Diphtheria, Pertusis, Measles, Mumps

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Define diphtheria, Pertusis, Measles, and Mumps
2. Discuss the epidemiological triad of Diphtheria, Pertusis , Measles, and Mumps including incubation period, reservoir and source of infection.
3. Discuss clinical manifestations and management of Diphtheria, Pertusis , Measles, and Mumps
4. Discuss complications of Diphtheria, Pertusis, Measles, and Mumps
5. Discuss the role of a CHN in the prevention/control of Diphtheria, Pertusis, Measles, and Mumps

1. Varicella, Chicken pox, Herpes Zster, and Herpes Simplex and Rubella

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Define Varicella (Chicken pox, herpes zoster, and herpes simplex) and Rubella
2. Explain epidemiological triad of Chicken pox, herpes zoster and Rubella
3. Explain sign and symptoms of chicken pox and herpes zoster and Rubella.
4. Discuss the implication of rubella on pregnancy
5. Explain the importance of rubella vaccine before pregnancy

6     Discuss medical management and nursing care with essential nursing diagnosis.

7. Identify the possible complications of Varicella (Chicken pox and Herpes zoster), and Rubella encounter.
8. Explain the prevention and control of Varicella and Rubella
   2. Leprosy:

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Define Leprosy
2. Explain epidemiological triad.
3. Describe signs and symptoms of Leprosy
4. Discuss nursing care with essential nursing diagnosis.
5. Identify the possible complications of Leprosy
6. Explain the prevention and control of Leprosy.

Anthrax, SARS and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, and Tetanus

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Define Anthrax, SARS and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, and Tetanus (disorder spread by skin)
2. Explain epidemiological triad.
3. Describe    signs   and    symptoms    of   Anthrax,    SARS    and    Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, and Tetanus.
4. Discuss nursing care with essential nursing diagnosis.
5. Identify the possible complications of Anthrax, SARS and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, and Tetanus.
6. Explain the prevention and control of Anthrax, SARS and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, and Tetanus.

Disorders spread by skin contact and poor personal hygiene

In this session, diseases spread by skin contact and poor hygiene will be briefly discussed with regard to clinical features and diagnostic investigation. Emphasis will be placed on factors responsible for these disorders in developing countries specifically in Pakistan. Importance of preventive and control measures including improving hygiene will also be discussed.

Scabies, Impetigo, Ringworms and Trachoma

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Describe causes of Scabies, Impetigo Ring Worms and trachoma. Describe the stages of blinding trachoma.
2. Describe the lifecycle of itch mite
3. Explain the clinical manifestations of above mentioned diseases.
4. Discuss the diagnostic procedures to identify underlying condition.
5. Discuss   the   management    of   scabies,   Impetigo   Ringworms   and trachoma.
6. Explain the role of a nurse in the prevention and control of above mentioned diseases.

Disorders spread by ingestion of contaminated food and water borne diseases

In these sessions, disorders/diseases spread by ingestion of food and water will be discussed. Students will develop an understanding of mechanism of dehydration. Focus will be placed on assessment of dehydration, management of diarrhea with different types of ORS and diet. Students will also identify the preventive and control measures required for Diarroheal diseases in community and hospital settings

1. Diarroheal Diseases

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Explain types of diarrhea
2. Discuss epidemiological triad of Diarroheal diseases.
3. Explain mechanism of dehydration in diarrhea
4. Assess the child (client) with sign and symptoms of dehydration.
5. Identify preventive and control measures for diarrhea.
6. Explain the complications of Diarroheal diseases.
7. Discuss the management of diarrhea in home and hospital setting, and review national health policy for diarrhea control.

2. Cholera, Dysentery

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Differentiate between Cholera and Dysentery.
2. Differentiate between amebic and bacillary dysentery.
3. Discuss epidemiological triad.
4. Describe clinical manifestations and management.
5. Discuss the role of a nurse in the prevention and control of the above mentioned diseases.

1. Food poisoning, Enteric Fever

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Define food poisoning and enteric fever
2. Discuss the chain of infection and identify how to break the chain of infection.
3. Discuss clinical manifestations and management of food poisoning, typhoid fever.
4. Explain the nursing process of a client with enteric fever in hospital and community settings.
5. Identify the complications of enteric fever in clinical encounter.
6. Discuss the role of a community health nurse in the prevention and control of the disease.

2. Poliomyelitis

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Define poliomyelitis
2. Describe the types of poliomyelitis
3. Discuss clinical manifestation.
4. Discuss management of poliomyelitis
5. Explain the role of nurse in prevention and control of Poliomyelitis.

3. Worms Infestation

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Define helminthes infestation.
2. Discuss types of worms (Pin worms, round worms, hook worms and tape worms) in details with the help of the epidemiological triad.
3. Discuss pathological process of helminthes and complications of worm Infestation
4. Discuss the medical management of helminthes infestation.
5. Explain the role of a nurse in prevention and control of helminthes infestation.

Hepatitis

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Describe hepatitis and its different types.
2. Review literature on hepatitis in Pakistan as well of other developing countries.
3. Discuss scientific advancement in the treatment of hepatitis.
4. Explain the nursing care of a client with hepatitis.

Disorders spread by insects and animal vector.

In these sessions, diseases spread by insects and animal (vector born diseases) will be discussed with regards to type of vector, clinical features and diagnostic procedures. Emphasis will be placed on importance of vector control and strategies to control them. In addition, this unit also intended to discuss the medical and nursing management of diseases produced by insects and animals vectors in Pakistan. By the end of the session, students will be able to:

1. Rabies

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Discuss rabies in the context of agent, host and environment.
2. Explain the pathophysiology of rabies virus in man.
3. Describe first aid treatment of dog bite in given situation.
4. Discuss the course of anti rabies treatment.
5. Explain prevention and control measures.

2. Malaria and Dengue Fever

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Discuss Malaria in the context of agent, host and environment.
2. Explain the Malarial Sexual and Asexual Cycle.
3. Discuss the Sign and symptoms; and complications of malaria Dengue Fever.
4. Discuss the course of anti malarial treatment.
5. Discuss Nursing care for patient with malaria Dengue Fever..
6. Explain prevention and control measures.

Pediculosis and Typhus Fever

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Describe types Pediculosis and typhus fever.
2. Discuss pathophysiology and S/S of typhus fever.
3. Discuss the groups at risk of getting lice infestation.
4. Explain the life cycle of pediculosis and its sign and symptoms.
5. Discuss the management of pediculosis and typhus fever.
6. Explain the role of nurse in prevention and control of lice infestation and typhus fever.

 Disorders spread by sexual contact.

In this session, diseases spread by sexual contacts will be discussed. Each disease will be briefly discussed with regard to its epidemiological significance, clinical features and diagnostic investigations. Emphasis will be placed on the importance and techniques of identification of venereal diseases in the community. In addition, management of STDs, preventive and control measures will also be discussed. Moreover, role of a nurse will also be explored while dealing clients with STDs. Issues related to sexuality of STDs clients will also be focused during the session. By the end of the session, students will be able:

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

By the end of session the students will be able to:

1. Define   terms:   venereal   diseases/   Sexually   transmitted   diseases (STDs)
2. Name STDs commonly found in Pakistan and in developing countries.
3. Discuss the prevalence of STDs from research work.
4. Discuss WHO guidelines for the management of STDs
5. Discuss possible complications of STDs.
6. Explain the role of a nurse educator in the prevention of STDs.

Making low cost teaching aids Evaluation Criteria

Teaching aid is a material, which is not used only to help participants understand better the content of our teachings, but also make the teachings more lively. Teaching aids help in promoting the discussions if prepared and used effectively.

Teaching aids are used for any kind of teaching methods, such as puppets for role play and pictures series or flip charts before the beginning of the demonstration. Other type of teaching aids could be Flannel board, Flash card, puzzle games or models etc.

Teaching aids might be as expensive as computer, but as your assignment topic is to make the teaching aids that are low cost and can be prepared and used by / in local community. Therefore you are expected to use following criteria for your assignment.

These 50 marks will be converted to 20 % and added towards the final exam.

Note: Marks may be deducted, for those students who have not shown equal participation in the group.