Fundamentals of Semiconductor physics: Band theory, semiconductors (intrinsic and extrinsic), PN junction, PN junctions as a rectifier, clipper and clamper circuits, Zener diode and voltage regulator, LED and LCD etc., Transistors: Bipolar Junction transistors, BJT biasing circuits, Q-point, BJT as a switch, BJT amplifiers, classes of amplifiers, power amplifiers, Metal oxide transistors, nMOS, pMOS and CMOS inverters circuits. Introduction to A/D and D/A conversion circuits.