Advance Exercise Physiology: Course Outline

SECTION-1 (PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE)

Control of internal environment

• Homeostasis
• Control systems of the body
• Nature of the control system
• Examples of homeostatic control
• Exercise : A test of homeostatic control

Hormonal responses to exercise (brief revision)

• Neuroendocrinology 
• Hormones: Regulation and action 
• Hormonal control of substrate mobilization during exercise

Measurement of work, power & energy expenditure

• Units of measure 
• Work and power defined 
• Measurement of work and power 
• Measurement of energy expenditure 
• Estimation of energy expenditure 
• Calculation of exercise efficiency

Circulatory responses to exercise (brief revision)

• Organization of the circulatory system 
• Heart: myocardium and cardiac cycle 
• Cardiac output 
• Hemodynamics 
• Changes in oxygen delivery to muscle during exercise 
• Circulatory responses to exercise 
• Regulation of cardiovascular adjustments to exercise

Respiration during exercise (brief revision)

• Function of the lung 
• Structure of respiratory system 
• Mechanics of breathing 
• Pulmonary ventilation 
• Pulmonary volumes and capacities 
• Diffusion of gases 
• Blood flow to the lungs 
• Ventilation-perfusion relationships 
• O2 and CO2 transport in blood 
• Ventilation and acid base balance 
• Ventilatory and blood-gas responses to exercise 
• Control of ventilation

Temperature regulation

• Overview of heat balance during exercise 
• Overview of heat production/heat loss 
• Body’s thermostat-hypothalamus 
• Thermal events during exercise 
• Exercise in the heat 
• Exercise in cold environment

The Physiology Of Training: Effect On Vo2 Max, Performance, Homeostasis And Strength

• Principles of training 
• Research designs to study training 
• Endurance training and VO2 max 24 
• VO2 max: cardiac output and arterio-venous oxygen difference 
• Detraining and VO2 max 
• Endurance training: effects on performance and homeostasis 
• Endurance training: links between muscle and system physiology 
• Physiological effects of strength training 
• Physiological mechanisms causing increased strength

SECTION-2 (PHYSIOLOGY OF HEALTH AND FITNESS)

Work tests to evaluate cardio respiratory fitness

• Cardio respiratory fitness 
• Testing procedures 
• FIELD Tests for estimating CRF 
• Graded exercise tests: measurements 
• VO2 max 
• Graded exercise tests : protocols

Exercise prescription for health and fitness

• Prescription of exercise 
• General guidelines for improving 
• Exercise prescription for CRF 
• Sequence of physical activity 
• Strength and flexibility training

Exercise for special populations

• Diabetes 
• Asthma 
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
• Hypertension 
• Cardiac rehabilitation 
• Exercise for older adults 
• Exercise during pregnancy

SECTION-3 (PHYSIOLOGY OF PERFORMANCE)

Factors affecting performance

• Sites of fatigue 
• Factors limiting All-out anaerobic performances
• Factors limiting All-out aerobic performances

Laboratory assessment of human performance

• Laboratory assessment of physical performance 
• Direct testing of maximal aerobic power 
• Laboratory tests to predict endurance performance 
• Determination of anaerobic power 
• Evaluation of muscular strength

Training of performance

• Training principles
• Components of a training session: warm-up, workout and cool down 
• Training to improve aerobic power 
• Injuries and endurance training 
• Training for improved anaerobic power 
• Training to improve muscular strength 
• Training for improved flexibility 
• Year-round conditioning for athletes 
• Common training mistakes

Training for the female athlete, children and special population

• Factors important to women involved in vigorous training 
• Sports conditioning for children 
• Competitive training for diabetics 
• Training for asthmatics 
• Epilepsy and physical training

• Predicting VO2 max using the Harvard step test 
• Ratings of perceived exertion and intensity of exercise 
• Time limit test  Determining maximal oxygen uptake using treadmill 
• The effects of endurance and strength exercise on CV response 
• Assessing muscular efficiency 
• The stretch reflex 
• Stoop test 
• Test for predicting VO2 max 
  • Maximal Tests 
  • Sub-maximal Tests 
  • Non- Exercise Tests

• The students will be able to understand the concept of exercise physiology and its impact on cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. 
• The students will be able to understand hormonal and cardiovascular response to exercise. 
• The students will be able to understand the temperature and acid base regulation during exercise.