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Anatomy-I: Course outline ( ANTL101)

Course description

The focus of this course is an in-depth study and analysis of the general and regional organization of the human body. Emphasis is placed upon structure and function of human movement. A comprehensive study of human anatomy histology, embryology, with emphasis on the nervous, musculoskeletal, and circulatory systems is incorporated. Introduction to general anatomy lays the foundation of the course. Dissection and identification of structures in the cadaver supplemented with the study of charts, models, prosected materials and radiographs are utilized to identify anatomical landmarks and configurations of the upper limb

Course contents

GENERAL ANATOMY AND FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY

  • Terms related to position and movements -The skin and subcutaneous tissues - Layers of skin - Integuments of skin - Glands associated with hair follicle - Microscopic picture of skin

BONES AND CARTILAGES

  • Osteology - Functions of Bones - Classification of bones - Parts of developing long bones -Blood supply of bones - Lymphatic vessels & nerve supply - Rule of direction of nutrient foramen - Gross structure of long bone - Surface marking – Cartilage - Development of bone and cartilage - Microscopic picture of cartilage and bone

THE MUSCLE

  • Introduction – Classification - Histological Classification -Functions of muscles in general -Type of skeletal muscles - Parts of skeletal muscle and their action - Nomenclature.
  • Microscopic picture of muscle

STRUCTURES RELATED TO MUSCLES & BONES

  • Tendons - Aponeurosis - Fasciae - Synovial bursae -Tendon Synovial sheaths - Raphaes -Ligaments - Condyle - Epicondyle - Ridge - Tuberosity - Tubercle - Foramen - Canal - Groove - Process - Spur

THE JOINTS

  • Introduction - Functional classification - Structural classification -Structures comprising a Synovial joint - Movements of joints - Blood supply of Synovial joints, their nerve supply and lymphatic drainage - Factors responsible for joint stability - Development of joints

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

  • Definition - Division of circulatory system into pulmonary & systemic -Classification of blood vessels and their microscopic picture - Heart and its histology - Function of the Heart -Anastomosis

NERVOUS SYSTEM

  • Definition - Outline of cellular architecture - Classification of nervous system - Parts of the central nervous system - Microscopic picture of cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord - Functional components of nerve - Typical spinal nerve - Microscopic picture of nerve - Introduction of autonomic nervous system - Anatomy of neuromuscular junction

ENERAL HISTOLOGY

  • Cell – Epithelium – Connective tissue – Bone – Muscle tissue – Nerve tissues – Blood vessels – skin and appendages – Lymphatic organs

GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY

  • Male and female reproductive organs - Cell division and Gametogenesis - Fertilization, cleavage, blastocyte formation and implantation of the embryo. Stages of early embryonic development in second and third week of intrauterine life - Foetal membrane (amniotic cavity, yolk sac, allantois, umbilical cord and Placenta) - Developmental defects

UPPER LIMB OSTEOLOGY

  • Detailed description of all bones of upper limb and shoulder girdle along their musculature and ligamentous attachments.

MYOLOGY

  • Muscles connecting upper limb to the axial skeletal - Muscles around shoulder joint - Walls and contents of axilla - Muscles in brachial region - Muscles of forearm - Muscles of hand - Retinacula - Palmar aponeurosis - Flexor tendon dorsal digital expansion

NEUROLOGY

  • Course, distribution and functions of all nerves of upper limb - Brachial plexus

ANGIOLOGY (CIRCULATION)

  • Course and distribution of all arteries and veins of upper limb - Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb - Axillary lymph node - Cubital fossa

ARTHROLOGY

  • Acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints - Shoulder joint - Elbow joint - Wrist joint - Radioulnar joints - Inter carpal joints - Joints MCP and IP - Surface anatomy of upper limb - Surface marking of upper limb

DEMONSTRATION

  • Shoulder joint, attached muscles and articulating surfaces - Elbow joint - Wrist joint - Radioulnar joint - MCP and IP joints - Acromioclavicular joint  - Sternoclavicular joint -  Brachial plexus - Blood supply of brain - Structure of bones

Recommended books

Learning objectives

  • Define basic technical terminology and language associated with anatomy
  • Describe the structure, composition and functions of the organs in the human body
  • Comprehend the concepts (& associated principles) for each general type of anatomical structures
  • Demonstrate skills in the surface markings of clinically important structures, on normal living bodies and the correlation of structure with function
  • Describe concepts of embryology and histology
  • Identify histological slides of the human body
  • Describe the interdependency and interactions of the structural and functional components of upper limb

Lab work

During study of this course, emphasis should be given on applied aspects, practical histology, radiological anatomy, surface anatomy and cross- sectional anatomy of the region covered in the respective semester /year

Note

The students are expected to make a practical note book. The book is a collection of evidence that learning has taken place. It is a reflective record of their achievements. The practical notebook shall contain a record of the surface landmarks and cross-sectional views of parts which student would have observed.

Books