The course will develop an understanding among students about the pathology of underlying clinical disease states and involving the major organ systems. Epidemiological issues will be presented and discussed. Students will use problem-solving skills and information about pathology and Microbiology to decide when referred to another health care provideror alternative intervention is indicated
Causes of cell injury
Pathogenesis of necrosis and apoptosis
Sub cellular responses
Relevant examples: Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, Metaplasia and intracellular accumulation
Acute inflammation
Vascular events and cellular events
Chemical mediators
General and granulomatous inflammation
Morphologic patterns of acute and chronic inflammation
Normal controls of healing and repair.
Repair by connective tissue
Wound healing
Edema and its types
Hyperemia /congestion, Hemorrhage, Thrombosis,
Embolism,Infarction, Shock.
General features of immunity
Hypersensitivity reactions Immune deficiencies.
Autoimmunity Amyloidosis
Nomenclature of neoplasia
Molecular basis of neoplasia
Carcinogenic agents of neoplasia
Clinical aspects of neoplsia
Bacterial cell structure, its forms and function
Identification and classification of bacteria
Gram stain
Culturing, inoculation and identification
Types of medicine
Physical states of media
Stages in the normal growth curve
Microbial genetics
Prokaryotic transcriptions and translations.
Conjugations Mutation and its causes.
Mechanism of drug resistances and its pathogenesis.
Gateway to infection.
Resident flora and its mechanism of invasions
Classic stages of clinical infection
Sterilization and disinfection.
Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Fourteenth Edition by 
Lecture Notes on Pathology by 
