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Genetics (GTS-801) PHD: Course Outline

Description

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

The course is designed to introduce postgraduate students to understand the basic components and functions of molecules in living organisms and learn methods for molecular biology, and the identification of mutations and gene expression. Acquire practical skills for working in a PCR lab and performing diagnostic testing for various genetic disorders, including donor Chimerism and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis.

Course Outline

COURSE CONTENT:

Molecules of Life:

  • Analyze the structure and function of biomolecules in living organisms.
  • Evaluate the role of macromolecules in cellular processes and disease.

Extraction of Nucleic Acids:

  • Develop protocols for the extraction and purification of nucleic acids from various sample types.
  • Evaluate the quality and quantity of extracted nucleic acids using spectrophotometric and electrophoretic techniques.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):

  • Evaluate the feasibility and design of PCR assays for specific applications.
  • Critically analyze the optimization and troubleshooting of PCR reactions.

Gel Electrophoresis of DNA:

  • Analyze and interpret agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results.
  • Develop strategies for optimizing and troubleshooting gel electrophoresis protocols.

​​​​​​​Quantitative PCR:

  • Develop and evaluate qPCR assays for quantification of nucleic acids.
  • Analyze and interpret qPCR results for various applications.

​​​​​​​Identification of Point Mutations:

  • Develop and evaluate strategies for detecting and analyzing point mutations in nucleic acids.
  • Critically analyze the interpretation and significance of point mutations in disease.

​​​​​​​Gene Expression Studies:

  • Develop and evaluate methods for analyzing gene expression patterns in various sample types.
  • Critically analyze the interpretation and significance of gene expression data in disease.
  1. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP):
  • Develop and evaluate RFLP assays for detecting genetic variations.
  • Analyze and interpret RFLP results for various applications.
  1. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Analysis:
  • Develop and evaluate STR analysis protocols for forensic and genetic applications.
  • Analyze and interpret STR analysis results for various applications.
  1. Study of Micro RNA:
  • Develop and evaluate methods for studying miRNA expression and function.
  • Critically analyze the role of miRNAs in disease and therapeutic applications.
  1. New Developments in PCR:
  • Analyze and evaluate the latest advancements in PCR technology and applications.
  • Critically evaluate the potential impact of new PCR technologies on research and clinical applications.
  1. Genomic Sequencing:
  • Develop and evaluate protocols for high-throughput genomic sequencing.
  • Analyze and interpret genomic sequencing data for various applications.
  1. Next Generation Sequencing:
  • Develop and evaluate methods for analyzing large-scale genomic sequencing data.
  • Critically analyze the interpretation and significance of NGS data in disease.
  1. Sequence Variant Nomenclature:
  • Develop and evaluate strategies for standardizing sequence variant nomenclature.
  • Analyze and interpret sequence variant data using standard nomenclature.
  1. Quality Control in Diagnostic PCR:
  • Develop and evaluate quality control measures for diagnostic PCR assays.
  • Analyze and interpret quality control data to ensure accurate and reliable diagnostic results.
  • Setting-up a PCR Lab:
  • Develop and evaluate strategies for setting up and maintaining a PCR laboratory.
  • Analyze and interpret safety and quality control measures for PCR laboratory operations.
  1. Basic Cytogenetics:
  • Develop and evaluate methods for analyzing chromosomal abnormalities using cytogenetics.
  • Critically analyze the interpretation and significance of cytogenetic data in disease.
  1. Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH):
  • Develop and evaluate FISH protocols for visualizing chromosomal abnormalities.
  • Analyze and interpret FISH results for various applications.
  1. PCR Applications in Inherited Disorders:
  • Develop and evaluate PCR-based methods for diagnosing inherited disorders.
  • Analyze and interpret PCR data for various inherited disorders.
  1. PCR Applications in Neoplastic Disorders:
  • Develop and evaluate PCR-based methods for diagnosing neoplastic disorders.
  • Analyze and interpret PCR data for various neoplastic disorders.
  1. PCR Applications in Infectious Disorders:
  • Evaluate the strengths and limitations of PCR-based methods for detecting and diagnosing infectious diseases.
  • Analyze the role of PCR in identifying antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria
  • Develop and optimize PCR assays for detecting specific infectious agents
  1. Clinical Applications of NGS:
  • Evaluate the strengths and limitations of different NGS technologies for clinical applications such as cancer genomics, pharmacogenomics, and rare disease diagnosis.
  • Analyze the ethical, legal, and social implications of using NGS in clinical settings, including issues related to informed consent, privacy, and genetic discrimination.
  1. Forensic DNA Testing:
  • Evaluate the reliability and accuracy of forensic DNA testing methods, including STR analysis, mtDNA analysis, and SNP profiling.
  • Develop and validate DNA-based methods for identifying suspects, victims, and missing persons in forensic investigations.
  1. Study of Donor Chimerism:
  • Evaluate the methods and technologies used to study donor Chimerism in transplant recipients, including PCR-based assays, SNP profiling, and NGS.
  • Analyze the clinical implications of donor Chimerism, its impact on transplant success, graft-versus-host disease.
  • Develop and optimize assays for detecting and quantifying donor Chimerism in transplant recipients.
  1. Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis:
  • Evaluate the ethical, legal, and social implications of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for various conditions, including genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities.
  • Analyze the different types of PGD techniques available, including PCR-based methods, FISH, and NGS.

objective

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

  • Demonstrate an understanding of the principles and techniques of molecular biology, including nucleic acid extraction, PCR, and gel electrophoresis.
  • Apply knowledge of genetics and genomics to analyze and interpret genetic data, including gene expression studies and variant nomenclature.
  • Develop practical skills for performing diagnostic testing for various genetic disorders using PCR, including setting up and maintaining a PCR lab, quality control, and troubleshooting.
  • Evaluate the clinical applications and limitations of molecular biology techniques, including NGS and PCR, for inherited, neoplastic, and infectious disorders, as well as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and forensic DNA testing.