Unit I: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods of research
- The qualitative-quantitative distinction
- Quantitative research
- Qualitative research
- Mixed methods research
Unit II: Identification, selection, and stating of research problem
- Development of hypothesis/research question
- Types of hypothesis
- Statement of hypothesis
- Hypothesis or research question?
Unit III: Review of related research
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- Sources of literature
- Process of conducting a literature review
- Reporting the review to develop a case for proposed research
- APA style
- How to avoid plagiarism
Unit IV: Samples and population
- Definition and purpose
- Techniques of sampling
- Probability sampling techniques: Random, stratified, cluster, and systematic sampling
- Non-probability sampling techniques: Convenience, Purposive/judgmental, snowball, and quota sampling
Unit V: Data collection
- Development of instruments for quantitative studies
- Survey questionnaires
- Observation schedules
- Using existing data
Research instruments for qualitative studies
- Interviews
- Diaries
- Field notes
- How to conduct interviews?
- Reliability and validity of instruments
- Ethical considerations
- Planning for data collection
- Preparation for analysis
Unit VI: Research proposal
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- Introduction of the proposed topic
- Hypothesis/research questions
- Methodology
- Tentative time schedule for various stages of the research
- List of resources available
- Final report writing
- Types of research report (Thesis, journal articles, conference papers etc.)