Course Content:
General Anatomy and Physiology:
• Functional organization of human body
• Homeostasis • Control systems in the body
• Cell membrane and its functions
• Cell
• Organelles and their functions
• Terms related to position and movements
• Layers of skin
• Glands associated with hair follicle
• Microscopic picture of skin
• Elementary tissues Bones And Cartilages:
• Functions of Bones
• Classification of bones
• Blood supply of bones
• Lymphatic vessels & nerve supply
• Cartilage
• Tendons, Fossa, Spine, Sinus, Condyle, Ridge
• Canal, groove, Tuberosity, Process, Fissure Muscles and Muscle Mechanism:
• Introduction
• Histological Classification
• Functions of muscles in general
• Nomenclature.
• Microscopic picture of muscle
• Muscles Architecture
• Muscles action
• Impact of physical activity
• Structure and function of neuron
• Physiological properties of nerve fibers
• Physiology of action potential
• Conduction of nerve impulse
• Nerve degeneration and regeneration.
• Neurotransmitter Summation
• Skeletal muscle contraction,
• Skeletal ,smooth and cardiac muscle contraction
• Excitation contraction coupling Joints:
• Introduction
• Functional classifications
• Structural classification
• Structures comprising a Synovial joint
• Movements of joints
• Blood supply of Synovial joints, their nerve supply
• Factors responsible for joint stability. Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Oral Cavity:
• States the main features of the oral cavity, tongue, palate, salivary glands, teeth and gums.
• Bones of Oral cavity, dentition,
• Origin and insertion of the Muscles of Palate
• Identifies the origin insertion and function of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
• Mentions the sensory and motor innervation of the tongue.
• Identifies the salivary glands.
• Demonstrates movements of the tongue and palate.
• swallowing (gag) reflex
• Function of the oral cavity: biological and non- biological function Eye:
• States the position of the lacrimal apparatus, the functional implications of structure of the eye and the lacrimal apparatus.
• Mentions the structure of retina and optic nerve pathway.
• Has a basic understanding of the light and accommodation reflex. (Omitting the pathway).
• Names and states the nerve supply and simple actions of the Extraocular muscle Nose:
• Names the bony components of the nose.
• Mentions the parts and boundaries of the nose
• Function of the nose and sinuses.
• States the main features of the nasal cavity.
• Names and identifies the para nasal air sinuses and locates their openings. Circulatory and Cardiovascular System:
• Heart and circulation
• Function of cardiac muscle
• Cardiac pacemaker and cardiac muscle contraction
• Cardiac cycle • ECG: recording and interpretation
• Common arrhythmias and its mechanism of development
• Types of blood vessels and their function
• Hemodynamics of blood flow (local control systemic circulation its regulation and control). Peripheral resistance its regulation and effect on circulation
• Arterial pulse
• Blood pressure and its regulation
• Cardiac output and its control
• Coronary circulation
• The lymphatic system
• Circulatory Fluids
Learning Objectives:
After completion of this course the student will be able to,
• Describe the detail structure of different parts of human body related to speech and hearing sciences.
• Identify different anatomical landmarks and configurations related to Gross anatomy of head and neck.
• Discuss the basic knowledge of different pathologies related to respective structures
. • Demonstrate different anatomical landmarks and configurations of head and neck through identification of structures with help of charts and models.
• Understand the functional relationships between various organ systems of the body
. • Explain the concept of the internal environment and its regulations by homeostatic mechanisms.
• Describe the distribution and composition of body fluids.
• Classify blood groups so as to identify the blood groups of patients and donors for the purpose of safe blood transfusion.
• Explain the mechanisms of haemostasias and blood coagulation so as to be aware by diseases arising from excessive bleeding or intravascular clotting.
