Course Content:
Respiration:
• States the position and extent of the pharynx.
• States the three subdivisions and features of each subdivision.
• Names the muscles of pharynx and their action.
• Mentions the sensory and motor innervation of the pharynx.
• Identifies the hyoid and states its parts.
• Identifies the larynx and names the laryngeal cartilages.
• States the boundaries of laryngeal inlet and glottis.
• Identifies the vocal and vestibular folds.
• States the movement of the laryngeal cartilages. Names the laryngeal muscles and mentions their attachments, action and nerve supply.
• Defines the position, extent and gross structure of the trachea.
• States the mechanics of phonation and speech, production of sound voice and speech. Basic Facial Anatomy and Skull:
• Bones of skull, Fossa, foramina, base of skull.
• Structures passing through foramina
• Sensory nerves of the face Bones of the face
• Muscles of the face, Muscles of mastication
• Muscles of Facial expression Human Ear:
• Outer Ear • Middle Ear
• Inner Ear Respiratory Reflexes and Pathologies:
• Function of respiratory tract
• Respiratory and non-respiratory function of the lungs
• Mechanics of breathing
• Production & function of surfactant and compliance of lungs
• Protective reflexes
• Relationship between ventilation and perfusion
• Mechanism of transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
• Nervous and chemical regulation of respiration
• Abnormal breathing
• Hypoxia, its causes and effects
• Cyanosis, its causes and effects Gastrointestinal Tract:
• Gastrointestinal Tract
• General function of gastrointestinal tract
• enteric nervous system
Mastication
• muscle & its function physiology of mastication Muscle Swallowing:
• Stages mechanism and control
• Dysphagia
Learning Outcomes:
The focus of this course is to develop an insight of anatomy and physiology. At the end of this course student will be enable:
• Student will be able to demonstrate the ability to apply his basic knowledge of anatomy and physiology of head and neck
• Understand the anatomy and physiology of external, middle and inner ear with proper reference to their anatomical relationship
• Differentiate the physiological responses in normal function and disease stages
