Basic cell functions
A) chemical composition of the body
- Atoms molecules
- Ions
- Free radicals
- Polar molecules solutions
- Classes of organic molecules
B) Cell structure
- Microscopic observation of cell
- Mcroscopic
- Cell organelles
- Cytoskeleton
C) Protein activity and cellular metabolism
- Binding site characteristics
- Regulation of bindingsite characteristics
- Chemical reactions enzymes
- Regulation of enzyme mediated reactions
- Multienzyme metabolic pathways
- Atp
- Cellular energy transfer
- Carbohydrate
- Fat and protein metabolism
- Essential nutrients
D) Genetic information and protein synthesis
- Genetic code
- Protein synthesis
- Proteindegradation
- Protein secretion
- Replication and expression of genetic information cancer
- Genetic engineering
E) Movement of molecules across cell membranes
- Diffusion mediated transport systems
- Osmosis
- Endocytosis and exocytosis
- Epithelial transport.
Biological control system
A) Homeostatic mechanisms and cellular communication
- General characteristics
- Componentsof homeostatic control systems
- Intercellular chemical massengers
- Processes related to homeostasis
- Receptors
- Single transduction pathways
B) Neural control mechanisms
- Structure and maintenance of neurons
- Functional classes ofneurons
- Glial cells
- Neural growth and regeneration
- Basic principles of electricity
- Theresting membrane potential
- Graded potentials and action potentials
- Functional anatomy ofsynapses
- Activation of the postsynaptic cell
- Synaptic effectiveness
- Neurotransmitters andneuromodulors
- Neuroeffector communication
ii) Central nervous system
iii) Spinal cord central nervous system
- Brain peripheral nervous system blood supply
- Blood brain barrier phenomenon and cerebrospinal fluid
C) The sensory systems
- Receptors
- Neural pathways in sensory system
- Association cortexand perceptual processing
- Primary sensory coding
- Somatic sensation
- Vis hearing
- Vestibular system
- Chemical senses
D) Principles of hormonal control systems
- Hormone structures and synthesis
- Hormone transport in the blood
- Hormone metabolism and excretion
- Mechanisms of hormone action
- Inputs that control hormone secretion
- Control systems involving the hypothalamus and pituitary
- Candidate hormones
- Types of endocrine disorders
E. Muscle
- Structure
- Molecular mechanisms of contraction
- Mechanics of single fiber contraction
- Skeletal muscle energy metabolism
- Types of skeletal muscle fibers
- Whole muscle contraction
- Structure
- Contraction and its control
F) Control of body movement
- Motor control hierarchy
- Local control of motor neurons
- The brain motor centers and the descending pathways they control
- Muscle tone
- Maintenance of upright posture and balance
- Walking
G) Consciousness and behavior
- State of consciousness
- Conscious experiences
- Motivation andemotion
- Altered state of consciousness
- Learning and memory
- Cerebral dominance and language conclusion
Anatomy and Physiology for the Manual Therapies by 
