Surface anatomy
Bones and joints
Joint movements and related muscles
Muscle compartments
Muscles, aponeuroses, sheaths, ligaments , retinacula
Blood supply
Lymphatic drainage
Nerve supply (sensory and motor) and nerve plexuses
Applied anatomy
Inguinal and femoral hernias, varicose veins, fracture of lower limb bones and dislocations of joints, motor and sensory loss, paralysis of muscles. Sprain, atrophy, dystrophy and muscle spasms, Common fractures, osteomyelitis and osteoporosis, dislocation, subluxation, frozen joints, arthritis and injuries.
Development of the Musculoskeletal system
1. Development of axial and appendicular skeleton
2. Development of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles
Applied anatomy
1. Common developmental anomalies of muscles and bones
2.Genes, transcription factors, growth factors and signaling molecules involved in the development of all above mentioned organs and
congenital anomalies related to mutations in genes and abnormal expression of the genetic factors
VI Thorax
1.Surface anatomy
2.Ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum and their joints
3.Muscles of thoracic cage and extrathoracic muscles attached to
thorax
4.Mechanism of respiration in context to chest wall muscles and diaphragm
5.Blood supply Lymphatic drainage
6.Mediastinum
7.Thoraco-abdominal diaphragm
8.Nerve supply (sensory and motor)
Applied anatomy
1.Fractures of ribs and vertebrae, Paralysis of diaphragm and intercostal
2.muscles, pleurisy, hydrothorax, pneumothorax, ishaemic heart disease,
myocardial infarction, atrial and ventricular conduction defects.
VI-A Respiratory system (gross and microscopic anatomy)
· Nasal and respiratory mucosa
· Larynx (vocal folds)
· Pharynx
· Trachea
· Bronchi
· Lungs and pleural cavities
Development of upper (nose, pharynx, larynx and trachea) and lower
(lungs and bronchi) respiratory organs.
Applied anatomy
· Developmental abnormalities of nasal passage, trachea and lungs
· Genes, transcription factors, growth factors and signaling molecules involved in the development of all above mentioned organs and congenital anomalies related to mutations in genes and abnormal expression of the genetic factors
VI-B Cardiovascular system (gross and microscopic anatomy)
· Pulmonary and systemic blood circulatory systems
· Arterial, venous and Portal blood circulatory systems
· Histological features of cardiac muscles, arterial and venous blood
vessels
· Heart and Pericardium
Applied anatomy
Atherosclerosis, varicose veins, aneurysms, angiography,
anastomoses
Development of heart and pericardium, major veins and arteries.
Development of the Foetal circulation and its changes at birth.
Applied anatomy
· Congenital anomalies of heart and vessels
· Genes, transcription factors, growth factors and signaling molecules involved in the development of all above mentioned organs and congenital anomalies related to mutations in genes and abnormal expression of the genetic factors
VII Abdomen
VII-A Digestive Systems (gross and microscopic anatomy)
· Surface anatomy of the abdomen
· Lumbar vertebrae
· Abdominal Wall: Anterolateral and posterior abdominal wall
· Abdominal and pelvic peritoneum
· Oral mucosa
· Gums
· Tongue
· Hard and soft palate
· Teeth
· Lips and oropharynx
· Salivary glands
· Abdominal viscera - oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum,ilium, colon, vermiform appendix, rectum, anal canal, liver and gall bladder, pancreas
· Blood supply of abdominal wall and viscera
· Lymphatic drainage of all abdominal
· Sensory, motor and autonomic nerve supply of abdomen
· Posterior abdominal wall and related structures
· Histological features of smooth muscles
· Radiological anatomy (with ultrasound U/S, computerized tomography CT scan, Barium studies
Development of the Digestive System
1. Development of diaphragm, body cavities and mesenteries
2. Development of oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and anal cana
3. Development of liver, pancreas and gall bladder
4. Development of spleen
Applied anatomy
· Developmental defects of diaphragm
· Developmental defects of esophagus, intestines and other abdominal viscera
· Genes, transcription factors, growth factors and signaling molecules involved in the development of all above mentioned organs and
congenital anomalies related to mutations in genes and abnormal expression of the genetic factors.
VII-B Pelvis and Perineum
· Surface anatomy
· Bony pelvis (male and female)
· Muscles and fascia of pelvis and perineum
· Pelvic viscera
· Perineal regions and fossae
Applied Anatomy
Rectal Prolapse, Uterine prolapse and Abscesses
VII-C Urinary system (gross and microscopic anatomy)
· Kidney
· Ureter
· Urinary bladder and urethra
Development of the Urinary system: kidneys, urinary bladder and urethra
Applied anatomy·
Developmental abnormalities of kidneys, urinary bladder andurethra
· Genes, transcription factors, growth factors and signaling molecules involved in the development of all above mentioned organs and
congenital anomalies related to mutations in genes and abnormal expression of the genetic factors
VIII - Reproductive System:
VIII-A: Male (gross and microscopic anatomy)
· Scrotum
· Testes
· Genital ducts
· Seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands, penis
Development of the Male reproductive system: testes and genital ducts
Applied anatomy
· Undescended testicles
· Anomalies of testes and genital ducts
· Anomalies of external genitalia
· Genes, transcription factors, growth factors and signaling molecules involved in the development of all above mentioned organs and
congenital anomalies related to mutations in genes and abnormal
expression of the genetic factors 39
VIII-B: Female (gross and microscopic anatomy)
· Ovaries
· Uterus and fallopian tubes
· Vagina
· Mammary gland
· Foetal membranes
· Placenta, umbilical cord and their anomalies
Development of the Female Reproductive System
1. Development of ovaries
2. Development of uterus and fallopian tubes
3. Development of vagina
4. Development of external genitalia
Applied anatomy
· Congenital anomalies of uterus, vagina
· Anomalies of external genitalia
· Undescended ovaries
· Genes, transcription factors, growth factors and signaling molecules involved in the development of all above mentioned organs and
congenital anomalies related to mutations in genes and abnormal expression of the genetic factors
IX Endocrine system (gross and microscopic anatomy)
· Pituitary gland
· Thyroid and parathyroid glands
· Suprarenal glands
· Endocrine part of pancreas
· Enteroendocrine system
· Development of organs/ tissue of endocrine system
X Immune system (gross and microscopic anatomy)
· Organization and components of lymphatic system
· Features of lymphatic vessels, Lymph node, Tonsils, Thymus,Spleen, GALT and MALT
· Development of lymphatic vessels, Lymph node, Tonsils, Thymus and Spleen
Applied anatomy
Oedema, ascites, lymphangitis and lymphadenopathy
XI Integumentary system
· Structure and types of skin, nails and hair.
· Histological structure of thin and thick skin
· Receptors, cutaneous blood and nerve supply
· Superficial and deep fasciae
Applied anatomy
Acute and chronic skin diseases, congenital disorders of integument
Materials and aids for Learning:
· Charts
· Clinical skills sessions
· Cross sectional anatomy
· Digital atlas
· Dissection of available human cadavers
· Models
· Plastinated Bodies
· Prosected specimens
· Radiological images (Computerized tomography, Magnetic
Resonance Images, Ultrasonography and others)
· Skeletons
· Video tapes, other software including ADAM
Emphasis must be given to applied anatomy related to clinical medicine and surgery.
signaling molecules involved in the development of all above mentioned organs and
congenital anomalies related to mutations in genes and abnormal expression of the genetic factors
B. Head and Neck
Surface anatomy of head and neck
Skull, cervical vertebrae and their joints
Muscles and fasciae of scalp, face and neck with emphasis on
organs of special senses (eye, ear, nose and tongue)
Microscopic structure of cornea, sclera and retina
Microscopic structure of internal ear (Cochlea)
Emphasis must be given to applied histology related to clinical
medicine and surgery
Blood supply of head and neck (superficial and deep)
Lymphatic drainage
Oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and oesophagus, thyroid gland, triangles of neck
Nerve supply (sensory and motor)
Radiological anatomy
Development of branchial apparatus including face, lips, nose, palate,
tongue, skull and facial skeleton.
Applied Anatomy
Cleft lip and palate
Fontanelle
Tracheo-esophageal fistula
Thyroglossal cyst
Genes, transcription factors, growth factors and signaling molecules involved in the development of all above mentioned organs and congenital anomalies related to mutations in genes and abnormal expression of the genetic factors5.
peripheral nerve lesions of head and neck
V Limbs: Upper limbs
1.Surface anatomy
2.Bones and joints
3.Joint movements and related muscles
4.Muscle compartments
