Bio-Chemistry: Course Outline

Introduction of Biochemistry

 Cell

• Introduction to Biochemistry
• Cell ( biomedical aspects )
• Cell membrane structure and proteins

Body Fluids

• Structure and properties of water
• Weak acids and bases
• Concept of pH and pK
• Buffers, their mechanism of action
• Body buffers

Carbohydrates

• Definition and classification
• Biochemical functions & Significance of Carbohydrates
• Structure and properties of Monosaccharides & Oligosaccharides
• Structure and properties of Polysaccharides

Metabolism of Carbohydrates

• Digestion & Absorption of Carbohydrates
• Glycolysis & its regulation
• Citric acid cycle
• Inter conversion of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
• Biochemistry of diabetes mellitus
• Glycogenolysis

Lipids

• Classification of lipids
• Fatty acids: chemistry
• Structure and properties of Triacylglycerols and compound lipids
• Cholesterol: Chemistry, Functions & clinical Significance
• Digestion & Absorption of Lipids
• Role of bile salts and bile acids
• Metabolism & clinical Significance of Lipoproteins
• Fatty acid oxidation biosynthesis and metabolism of Triglycerides
• Metabolism & clinical Significance of Cholesterol
• Ketone bodies

Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins

• Amino acid: Classification
• Functions and significance
• Classification of proteins
• Tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins
• Fibrous proteins (collagen and elastins) and Globular proteins
• Classification of proteins based on physiochemical properties
• Digestion of Proteins & Absorption of Amino Acids
• Transamination & Deamination of Amino Acids, deamination, methylation, decarboxylation,
  interconversion of amino acids.
• Urea cycle
• Specialized products formed from amino Acids
• Metabolic disorders

Enzymes

• Introduction
• Mechanisms of action
• Classification and properties of enzymes
• Coenzymes
• Isozymes and proenzymes
• Factors affecting enzyme activity
• Regulation & Inhibition of Enzyme activity & enzymes inhibitors
• Clinical diagnostic enzymology
  

Nucleic Acids

• Structure, Functions & Biochemical Role of Nucleotides
• Structure of nucleotide
• Structure & Functions of DNA
• Structure & Functions of RNA
• Metabolism of Nucleic acids
• Gout
  

Vitamins and Minerals

• Classification of vitamins
• Fat soluble vitamins and Water soluble vitamins
• Deficiency effects
  

Molecular Biology

• Replication of DNA
• Transcription in Prokaryotes
• Transcription in Eukaryotes
• Translation: (Genetic Code) Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes
• Translation: (Genetic Code) Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes
• Structure organization of chromosomes, DNA & gene
• Polymerase Chain Reaction

Hormones

• Classification & Mechanism of Action of Hormones
• Steroid Hormones: Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids
• Insulin & Glucagon
  

Nutrition and Dietetics

• Balanced diet
• Role of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, their dietary sources and uses
  in the body
• Quantitative and qualitative daily requirements of carbohydrates, fats,
  proteins, vitamins and minerals

Practicals

• Determination of enzymes
• Urine examination (Chemical examination)
• CSF examination
• Examination of Pleural, pericardial, synovial fluids